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The Order of Interbeing ((ベトナム語:Tiếp Hiện), (フランス語:Ordre de l'Interêtre)) was founded between 1964 and 1966 by Vietnamese Buddhist monk Thích Nhất Hạnh.〔Robert Harlen King ''Thomas Merton and Thich Nhat Hanh: Engaged Spirituality in an Age of Globalization'' 2001〕〔Jean Baubérot, Franck Frégosi, Jean-Paul Willaime ''Le religieux dans la commune: régulations locales du pluralisme en France'' 2001 - p288 "On observe en effet, à Strasbourg, l'émergence d'un groupe encore informel qui se constitue autour de plusieurs personnes habituées à la fréquentation du « village des pruniers » de Thich Nhât Hanh dans le Périgord. Ce moine vietnamien ..." p289 "Bien que le maître réside en France, c'est paradoxalement aux Etats-Unis et au Canada que les centres sont les plus développés. Ce qui caractérise la voie préconisée par Thich Nhât Hanh, ce sont des méditations assises ainsi que la..."〕 Tiếp Hiện (接現) is a Sino-Vietnamese term. The term did predate the Order of Interbeing's use in other contexts in Vietnamese, but was and remains uncommon. Tiếp means "being in touch with" and "continuing." Hiện means "realizing" and "making it here and now." The translation "Interbeing" ((フランス語:Interêtre)) is a word coined by Thich Nhat Hanh to represent the Buddhist principles of anatta, pratītyasamutpāda, and the Madhyamaka understanding of śūnyatā. The order contains members of the "Fourfold Sangha" (male and female monastics and male and female laypersons) and is guided by the Fourteen Mindfulness Trainings.〔()〕〔Thích Nhất Hạnh 1968 ''Đạo Phật hiện đại hóa'' Page 198 "Mỗi tĩnh có một cơ sỡ Tiếp Hiện như thế. Mỗi sáng chủ nhật, cá Anh, Chị trong các dông đều về sinh hoạt tại chỉ nào gần nhất trong đó có it ra là một vị chủ thuộc dòng Tiếp Hiện."〕〔Philip Taylor ''Modernity and Re-Enchantment: Religion in Post-Revolutionary Vietnam'' 2007 Page 341 "Five precepts taken on first entry to the Order of Interbeing (Hiện ) comprising (i) not killing, (ii) cultivating loving kindness, (iii) avoiding sexual misconduct, (iv) practising loving speech, and (vi) practising mindful consuming."〕 == Timeline == 1926 *October 11 - Birth of Thich Nhat Hanh (birth name: Nguyễn Xuân Bảo) in Thừa Thiên, Vietnam) 1938 *Birth of Chân Không (born Cao Ngoc Phuong in Bến Tre, Vietnam) 1942 *Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh entered Từ Hiếu Temple as a śrāmaṇera 194_ *Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh graduates from Bao Quoc Buddhist Academy 1949 *Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh is ordained a Buddhist monk 1950 *Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh co-founded An Quang Temple in Saigon, Vietnam 195_ *Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh Founded the Phuong Boi (Fragrant Palm Leaves) Meditation Center in the highlands of Vietnam 1956 *Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh named Editor-in-Chief of “Vietnamese Buddhism” the periodical of the Unified Vietnam Buddhist Association 1958 *Chân Không enrolled at the University of Saigon, studying biology 1960 *Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh goes to the United States to study comparative religion at Columbia University and Princeton University 1961 *Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh Teaches at Columbia University and Princeton University 1963 *Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh returns to Vietnam *Sister Chan Khong goes to Paris, France to complete her degree in biology 1964 *Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh establishes Vạn Hạnh Zen Temple, La Boi Book Publisher and the School for Youth and Social Service (SYSS) *Chân Không returns to Vietnam to work with the SYSS *The Order of Interbeing is established 1965 *Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh writes “Searching for the Enemy of Man” a letter to Martin Luther King Jr. urging him to publicly oppose the Vietnam War 1966 *February 5 – the first members - the "Six Cedars" - are ordained into the newly formed Order of Interbeing. Among the six are Chân Không and Nhat Chi Mai. The latter would immolate herself in protest against the war a year later.〔Chan Khong, Sister. (2007). Learning True Love. Berkeley: Parallax Press.〕 *May 1 - TNH is given the Lamp Transmission at Từ Hiếu Temple from Master Chân Thật, making him a Dharmacharya (Dharma Teacher) *Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh returns to the US to lead a symposium at Cornell University *Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh speaks to many groups and leaders, including Robert McNamara and Martin Luther King, Jr. urging peace in Vietnam *Sister Chan Khong is named operations director of the SYSS *Control of Van Hanh University is taken over by the Vice Chancellor who severs ties with the SYSS, calling Sister Chan Khong a communist *The SYSS continues to work despite the harassment and murder of many of its members 1967 *Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh is nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize by Martin Luther King Jr. *Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh is exiled from Vietnam by the Vietnamese government *Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh gains right of asylum in France *May – Nhat Chi Mai, one of the "Six Cedars", immolates herself for peace 1969 *Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh Leads the Buddhist Peace Delegation *Sister Chan Khong joins TNH in France to assist with the Buddhist Peace Delegation; she is considered an enemy of the Vietnamese government and exiled as well *Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh Establishes the Unified Buddhist Church in France *Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh lectures at the Sorbonne in Paris 1973 *Paris Peace Accords are signed. Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh is not allowed re-entry into Vietnam by the newly formed communist government. 1975 *Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh and Chân Không form the Sweet Potatoes Meditation Center in France 1976-77 *Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh and Chân Không lead efforts to rescue Vietnamese boat people 1982 *Plum Village Buddhist Center in Dordogne, France is established by Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh and Chân Không 1988 *Chân Không is ordained by Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh as a nun on Vulture’s Peak in India 1990 *Annabel Laity (True Virtue) ordained as a Dharmacharya and serves as Director of Practice at Plum Village 1992 *The first conference of the International Order of Interbeing is held. This conference established the Order of Interbeing Charter, elected an Executive Council, and established that Assembly meetings would be held regularly to revise and amend the Charter. It also established a Council of Elders and a Council of Youth to draw from the experience of its members for leadership and guidance.() 1997 *Maple Forest Monastery was formed in Vermont 1998 *Unified Buddhist Church is formed in the United States *Annabel Laity named to head the UBC, Inc *Green Mountain Dharma Center formed *Annabel Laity named Abbess of the Maple Forest Monastery and Green Mountain Dharma Center 2000 *June - Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh assists in writing the Manifesto 2000 which consists of six pledges to promote a culture of peace and non-violence in the world. It has been signed by the Nobel Peace Prize Laureates () *Deer Park Monastery is formed in California near Escondido 2001 *September 21 – Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh begins a fast for peace and to remember those who have died in the September 11 attacks *September 25 - Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh gives a speech at the Riverside Church in New York City urging the American people and government to think before reacting to the events of September 11 and to look for a peaceful resolution. 2003 *September - Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh gives a talk at (the Library of Congress ). 2005 *January 12 to April 11 - Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh returns to Vietnam to visit Buddhist temples, teach, and is allowed to publish a limited number of his books in Vietnamese; 100 monastic and 90 lay members of the OI accompany him *Two temples are re-established in Vietnam with TNH as their spiritual head: the Tu Hieu Temple and the Prajña Temple *August - Magnolia Village Practice Center is accepted by Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh as an Order of Interbeing center in Mississippi *October 9, Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh and Order of Interbeing members lead the “Peace is Every Step” walk at MacArthur Park in Los Angeles, California. 2006 *May 22 - Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh's book ''Old Path White Clouds'' is optioned for the film ''Buddha'' to be produced by MCorpGlobal. TNH makes an appearance at the Canne's film festival to promote the project () *September 11 - Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh makes an appearance in Los Angeles to promote the ''Buddha'' film project. His Holiness the Dalai Lama endorsed the project at the luncheon which was attended by a number of Hollywood actors.() *October 7 - Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh addresses UNESCO, calling for specific steps to reverse the cycle of violence, war, and global warming. He calls for a commitment of observing a weekly No Car Day to be promoted globally.() *October 11 - Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh enjoys his 80th birthday 2007 *February 20 to May 9 - Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh Returns to Vietnam to conduct "Grand Requiem For Praying" ceremonies to help heal the wounds of the Vietnam war.() *May 20 to May 31 - Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh visits Thailand, giving Dharma talks and a 5-day retreat.() *May - Blue Cliff Monastery established; Maple Forest Monastery and Green Mountain Dharma Center close and move to the new location as an extension of Plum Village Monastery () 2008 *August - (European Institute of Applied Buddhism ) is established Waldbröl, Germany, by Plum Village and the Order of Interbeing. 2010 *June - (Asian Institute of Applied Buddhism ) is established in Hong Kong. *November - Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh gives (a 3-day retreat ) in Hong Kong. 2013 *May - (Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh ) visits Hong Kong and gives a four day retreat, culminating in a talk at the Hong Kong Colosseum. *September - Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh gives (a talk at Google HQ ) in California. 2014 *March - (The University of Hong Kong ) awards Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh an Honorary Doctorate in recognition of his contribution to world peace and humanity. 2015 *October - Venerable Thầy Thich Nhat Hanh is awarded (the Pacem in Terris Peace and Freedom Award ), a Catholic peace award. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Order of Interbeing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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